Japanese aristocratic cultural era of the 15th century linked to the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, after he retired at 39 to his villa in the eastern hills of the capital city Kyoto. Higashiyama, or Eastern Mountain culture reflected the ideals and aesthetics of Zen Buddhism, hallmarks being the development of chadō (Japanese tea ceremony), ikebana (flower arranging), Noh drama, and sumi-e ink painting. What is commonly regarded as Japanese Zen aesthetics originated in this period.
